Autoimmune
自體免疫
Psoriasis
This autoimmune disorder occurs when immune cells attack healthy skin cells in both the nonvascular horny outer layer of the skin and its deeper vascular.
Efficacy Testing of AR100 Series Samples in a Psoriasis Mouse Model
Flowchart of IMQ-Induced Psoriasis in Mice
The ARJIL sample treatment/Oral on IMQ-induced psoriasis-like phenotypes in BALB/c mice.
Naive
IMQ
IMQ+Daviobet
IMQ+Ova-Cys -O1
IMQ+Ova-Cys -O2
AR drug Ova-Cys can effectively improve small psoriatic skin lesions.
Long-term treatment with Daviobet may cause adrenal cortex suppression, cataracts, or increased intraocular pressure.
Applying over large areas and prolonged treatment is more likely to cause systemic side effects. Other side effects include polyuria, constipation, muscle weakness, confusion, and coma.
Autoimmune hepatitis
自體免疫性肝炎
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a complex disease which is characterized by hepatocellular inflammation, necrosis, and a tendency to cirrhosis.
Effects of AR Drug(2019-0321-1) on GOT, GPT and body weight. (A) Serum GOT and (B) serum GPT 24 h after Con A challenge. (C) body weight before and after Con A challenge. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 9). * p < 0.05 versus Veh by the Student’s t test. Veh, vehicle; Dex, dexamethasone.
Liver Histopathology
Effect of AR Drug on Liver injury. Liver histopathology of (A) Naive, (B) Con A (Veh), (C) AR Drug-2019-0321-1 and(D) dexamethasone, and (E) histopathological scores of necrosis. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 9). ***p < 0.001 versus Veh by the Student’s ttest. Veh, vehicle; Dex, dexamethasone.
Group and dosage regimen
Results
•Arjil drugs, AR-Ori, AR-Cys, and AR100-ST4 reduced the increasing of GOT and GTP significantly.
•Compared to the clinical drug-dexamethasone, AR-Ori and AR-Cys have similar efficacy in reducing GOP and GPT levels.
Representative Liver Sections in the Acute Hepatitis Model
Histopathological examination demonstrated that AR-Ori, AR-Cys, and AR100-ST4 ameliorated liver necrosis significantly.
Arrow: focal hepatocyte necrosis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is caused by buildup of fat in the liver. When this buildup causes inflammation and damage, it is known as NASH.https://www.cedars-sinai.org/
TGF-β signaling in hepatocytes contributes to hepatocyte death and lipid accumulation through Smad signaling and ROS production that promote the development of NASH.Hepatology. 2014 Feb; 59(2): 483–495.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) animal model efficacy study
Based on histopathological sections and pathological scoring assessments, the Gia drug groups (low, medium, and high doses) can improve liver fibrosis, inflammation, and NASH score caused by CDAHFD.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
類風濕性關節炎
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic systemic disease that affects the joints, connective tissues, muscle, tendons, and fibrous tissue is a chronic disabling condition often causing pain and deformity. JAK inhibitors blocking the messaging pathway can calms down immune system and helps ease the RA symptoms.
AR drug significantly decrease the factors cytokine
AR drug significantly decrease the factors cytokine in Rheumatoid Arthritis: IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 , IL-6, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-a
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic (long-lasting) joint condition, which is caused by joint damage. This is why age is one of the main causes of the osteoarthritis. The older you are, the more wear and tear you’ve had on your joints. Other causes of joint damage include past injury, such as: torn cartilage, dislocated joints and ligament injuries.
Seborrheic dermatitis
脂漏性皮膚炎
Seborrheic dermatitis also called dandruff is a common skin disease that cause redness on light skin and light patches on darker skin.
The pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis has not been fully elucidated. IFN-γ is a cytokine whose secretion might affect the condition of the skin in seborrheic dermatitis. Seborrheic dermatitis is also called dandruff, cradle cap, seborrheic eczema, seborrhea, and seborrheic psoriasis that causes an itchy rash with flaky.
Seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff is much more common, and affects approximately 50% of the general adult population worldwide. In USA people spend $300M/year on over-the-counter products for treatment.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012 Nov 14;66:848-54.
J Clin Investig Dermatol. 2015 December ; 3(2):
Psoriasis arthritis
乾癬性關節炎
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-mediated, systemic inflammatory disorder, results in the manifestations and sequelae of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), including synovial and skin inflammation and proliferation, and damage to cartilage, bone and intestinal tissue.
The transition from psoriasis to synovio-entheseal inflammation evolves across various phases. This process begins with the interaction between genetic (and epigenetic) factors and environmental exposures.
J. U. Scher et al, Nature Review 15, 153-166 (2019)
Poison ivy
Poison ivy is one of the allergic contact dermatitis caused by the Toxicodendron (formerly Rhus) species. The weeping, itchy rash caused by poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac is the single most common allergic contact dermatitis in North America.
A misguided individual has touched a poison ivy plant
(1), which contains the urushiol. Urushiol molecules penetrate the keratinocyte layer and bind covalently to reactive groups
(2). The presence of the neo-antigen induces skin cells to release numerous cytokines and chemokines
(3) that draw leukocytes from the circulation
(4) into the affected area where they activate macrophages to secrete IFNγ
(5). Neo-antigen shed by skin cells
(6) is taken up by Langerhans cells (LCs), and peptides derived from it are cross-presented to memory Tc cells that were generated during the sensitization stage. CTL effectors are generated that use their mechanisms of cytotoxicity to damage skin cells displaying neo-antigen-derived pMHCs
(7). CTLs also secrete IFNγ that stimulates the degranulation of activated basophils and mast cells
(8), which release additional damaging mediators that perpetuate local inflammation.
Sjogren’ syndrome
乾燥症
Sjogren's syndrome is a disorder of your immune system identified by its two most common symptoms — dry eyes and a dry mouth.
The condition often accompanies other immune system disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
In Sjogren's syndrome, it attacks the glands that make tears and saliva. The typical characteristic of the disease is exocrinopathy, which often results in dryness of the mouth and eyes, fatigue, and joint pain.
Salivary glands are the target organ of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), an autoimmune epithelitis, and epithelial cells have an active role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Ulcerative colitis
潰瘍性結腸炎
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood. Weight loss, fever, and anemia may also occur.
Overview of the intestinal immune system in the healthy state and for ulcerative colitis with a focus on proven and promising therapeutic targets.
Multiple Sclerosis
多發性硬化症
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms, including problems with vision, arm or leg movement, sensation or balance.
Types of MS
•Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
•Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
•Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)
•Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS)